Bellevue Dairy Farms

BY Barb williams, EASTSIDE HERITAGE CENTER VOLUNTEER

Less than 100 years ago NE 8th Street in Bellevue was a dusty dirt cow path bordered by bracken ferns and meadow grasses where children lead the family cow home for milking. Presently (2022) the former cow path is a hard-surfaced road bustling with activity and lined with high-rise buildings.

L80.057.001 - Children and cow on path, Bellevue 1928

In the early days, many families had a cow, or several, and children were accustomed to seeing the cream rise to the top of the milk sitting in pans on the pantry shelf. Making butter from the cream was a way women could earn money. Today, many children think dairy milk comes in containers from the grocery store. Thanks to the City of Bellevue, the historic Twin Valley Dairy Farm at Kelsey Creek Farm Park remains a farm where the public can learn about dairy farming and its importance to life on the Eastside. Through hands-on activities and seeing the farm animals, they experience a touch of farm life. The farm began in 1921 when W.H. Duey cleared the land, built a barn and started a dairy. Home-churned butter and milk were delivered to various destinations in a truck driven by Mrs. Duey. The family operated the dairy until 1942.

In a 1913 promotional labeled, “Bellevue on Lake Washington”, a sentence read, “This district is particularly adapted to dairying, the climate, soil and other conditions being ideal for this industry.” And so it was! Dairies sprang up around the region including the successful research Carnation dairy, Highland Dairy Farm, Phantom Lake Dairy, Benhurst Dairy, Twin Valley Dairy Farm, Marymoor Farm and many others. In June of 1929, The Northwest Dairyman and Farmer publication claimed that Bellevue was home to one of the most efficiently run dairies in King County. That dairy was the Benhurst Dairy run by Ben Silliman. His herd of high grade pure bred Holsteins took first place that January for producing 1111.8 pounds of milk and 37.6 pounds of butterfat. The queen of the herd was Pearle Pietertje producing 2,495 pounds of milk and 77.3 pounds of butterfat between January and June. Not only were the cows of high quality, but also the equipment. Good hand milkers were often difficult to find which slowed the production. Ben Silliman had transitioned to effective milking machines which added to his success.

98.018.016 - Ida Swanson milking Hanson's cow

John and Bertha Siepmann moved from Indiana where he had worked in the coal mines. In 1904, they purchased 60 acres in the Highland area near the corner of 148th Avenue NE and NE 24th. They built a house and began to farm. Later their son, George, started the Highland Dairy Farm. Once a week they travelled by horse and wagon to sell butter and eggs in Seattle. Their daughter, Christina, married Chris Nelson who owned and started the Phantom Lake Dairy Farm in 1922. The Dairy was located at 159th SE and SE 16th and operated for over 25 years. Several people drove for the dairy delivering milk. William Ottinger was one of them. He was employed for thirty-six years as a driver for several dairies. His first job was in 1918 when he drove a horse and wagon for Downey’s Highland Dairy on Clyde Hill. At times his route covered twenty-two miles. During his employment, horses and wagons were replaced by trucks, metal gallon milk cans by glass bottles and the bottles by paper milk containers. Mrs. Ottinger remembers as a girl it was her job to clean the milk/cream separator parts; a complex machine. She said, “I didn’t mind washing dishes, but the separator was the bane of my life.”

L90.024.002 - Highland Dairy Farm truck

Phantom Lake Dairy lid, courtesy of Dale Martin

Pat Sandbo remembers, “Our cow was named Dolly, a nice Jersey who provided us with more rich milk than we could use. My mother used to skim off the thick cream and we would put it on the strawberries for breakfast. We didn’t know about cholesterol then. Dolly used to get out of her pasture, but my father always knew where to find her. She headed for the school yard and we used to joke about our educated cow.” Pat grew up in Bellevue where she later taught elementary school. Perhaps her cow, along with others from local dairies, provided rich cream for the whipped cream that topped the scrumptious strawberry shortcakes; the centerpiece for the first Bellevue Strawberry Festival (1925). Japanese farmers provided the strawberries. Women from the Women’s Club baked the shortcakes. And to top it off, in the 1940s Mina McDowell Schafer was making her delectable Chocolate Truffles with heavy cream, lots of butter and tested by Diana Schafer Ford, later to become Miss Washington! We owe much to the dairy farmers and their cows. 

Resources:

Lucile McDonald’s Eastside Notebook, c1993, Marymoor Museum

Culinary History of a Pacific Northwest Town by Suzanne Knauss, c2007  Suzanne Knauss

Images of America, Bellevue Post World War II Years, c2014 Eastside Heritage Center, Arcadia Publishing

Bellevue Its First 100 Years by Lucile McDonald, c2000, The Bellevue Historical Society

Eastside Heritage Center archives

The Sammamish Slough Races

By Steve Williams, EASTSIDE HERITAGE CENTER VOLUNTEER

Before “Seafair” the Eastside event of the summer was the “Sammamish Slough Race”. Starting in the spring of 1928 and running for another 48 years, motorboats raced each other up and down the 13 mile narrow 'river' connecting Lake Washington and Lake Sammamish. As the map shows, it was a torturous route with hazards including 63 sharp turns, bridge pilings, sandbars and occasional floating logs. Steve Greaves, who started racing at age 14 and went on to set over 30 world and national records, said “There was really nothing like it in the country. Even today most will tell you it was one of their favorites. It was certainly the craziest. I remember coming around a bend going through Redmond and having to dodge a cow getting a drink of water.”

KFKF Radio flyer, with Sammamish Slough power boat race route, April 1969 (2004.015)

An estimated 40,000 spectators watched from bridges and river banks on the tight corners where wild crashes and side flips often occurred. Sometimes spectators would help racers get their boat back in the water, or if it couldn't be repaired, hand the driver a beer and invite him to watch the race with them. In later years there were five different classes of boats and over 100 entries, some from Tacoma, Hoquiam, and even Oregon. (The number of spectators probably doubled). With the development of small hydroplanes speeds hit 80mph, but nearly a third of the racers often failed to finish due to crashes or mechanical problems. Spectators noted the special 'race smell' of the alcohol fuel burned by the hydros, and said that “hearing the boats coming long before seeing them turn the corner added to the excitement.”

1962 Bob Carver / Seattle Times (EHC Vertical Files)

According to Seattle Times reporter Craig Smith, “A different division would start every five minutes from Lake Washington and head upstream. Waiting with cameras poised at the most dangerous turns were newspaper photographers and cameramen from Movietone, who would film crashes that would be shown in the nation's theaters.” Howard Anderson, a national VP of the American Power Boat Association said, “I don't think there was a race like it in the nation, ever.” Dick Rautenberg, a competitor from Bothell agreed, saying, “That was the most fun of any racing we've done.”

1963 Seattle Times (EHC Vertical Files)

Another significant local event happened in 1953 when the Golden Water Ski Club teamed up with the Seattle Outboard Association to race towed skiers up and down the Slough. The upstream inning time was 24:37 minutes, while downstream with the current, slow as it was, cut the time to 22:43. Of course all the turns made it fun for the skiers and even more challenging for the drivers.

The Slough itself had a long and storied boating history. Native canoes traveled up and down, but were also used in gathering plant material, and in fishing and hunting waterfowl. Small scows and narrow steamboats arrived with settlers in the 1880's. (A few even had hinged smokestacks that could be folded down when going under low bridges). For half a century, logs were floated or towed downriver to sawmills - during spring floods havoc occurred as log-jams blocked the river and farmers fields were covered with water for months at a time.

In 1964 – 1966 it all changed when the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dredged and widened the Slough. The 3.8 million dollar flood control project took out 30 miles of 'squiggles and kinks' and straightened it to 10 miles of 'steep-sided ditch.' A concrete weir, or submerged dam, at Marymoor Park now keeps Lake Sammamish at a relatively constant level, and there is a nice paved bicycle trail running along the high bank of the slow moving 'Slough'. The thrill is gone, but the excitement and challenge of the “Race” will long be remembered as the Eastside's precursor to “Seafair.”

Sources:

10/21/1999 Seattle Times article “Old river new routes” by Peyton Whitely.

4/15/1994 Seattle Times article “Unpredictable 'Slough Race' a bygone rite of spring” by Craig Smith.

3/24/1963 Seattle Times article “The Taming of the Slough” by Eileen Crimmin.

5/2013 newsletter of the Redmond Historical Society “Showcasing Our History: Sammamish River Races”.

4/2014 newsletter of the Redmond Historical Society “Northwest Original: The Sammamish Slough Race”.

7/1953 magazine; “Sea and Pacific Motor Boat” report of Russell Swanson.

2015 book; “Lake Sammamish Through Time” by Kate N. Thibodeau.

3/30/1977 Sammamish Valley News, article by Wendy Reif  "Slough Race bottoms out"

Chicken Farms on the Eastside

By Barb Williams, Eastside Heritage Center volunteer

Pioneer families often raised chickens. The birds were inexpensive to feed, produced eggs for baked goods, meat for the table and a source of feather-down for pillows and quilts. Many of the Eastside pioneers raised chickens for their individual needs.

Dwight Skinner was one of several Eastside residents who raised chickens commercially. In 1912, Dwight and Nell Skinner bought a 40-acre tract of land on the Highland-Larsen Lake Road. The land had belonged to the Churchills and included a home, barn, feed room and two-story chicken house. Dwight suffered from heart problems and was often unable to work. He had 2,000 to 5,000 chickens whose eggs, he figured, would help to supply the income he needed.

L 86.024.004 - Mr. Harmon feeding chickens at Morelli chicken ranch, 1918

The Morelli brothers; Alfonso, Martin, Silvio and Tito immigrated from Italy and bought land along 148th Avenue in Redmond. They ran a thriving chicken ranch from 1915 to 1973. It was the biggest of its kind on the Eastside at the time. They had 15,000 chickens who had the run of long elevated chicken houses. The business became such a success that they operated through a middle-man and never had to advertise. In the 1940s, they pioneered in the use of electricity by installing timed electrical lights in the henhouses. The timers turned on the lights at 4 a.m. extending daylight hours, egg-laying time and egg production. In the 1970s, some of the Morelli land across 148th was developed into private homes. Silvio passed away in 1979 and Microsoft bought the land in the 1990s with the stipulation that Silvio’s wife, Albarosa, could remain in the family home as long as she wanted. She passed away in 1999 and Microsoft proposed turning her home into a library.  

For nearly 40 years around 1922, 116th Avenue NE between Main Street and NE 8th in Bellevue was known as Lebanese Valley because most of the residents were from Lebanon. George Waham was a resident. He bought five acres and started a farm on which he raised chickens, a cow, rabbits, fruits and vegetables. During the Depression he and his wife fed other people including their large family.

OR/L 79.79.342 - Chicken in front of farm building, Willowmoor.

In 1927 two black men, A. Cunningham and C. James, came from Seattle to become the proprietors of the Wake Robin Lodge located in Enatai. Their business was the first on the Eastside to be operated by black people. The Lodge became famous for the fresh food raised on-site, especially its chicken dinners. Fruit trees and a large garden supplied produce. Long chicken coops stretched along the south side of the property with a small dairy nearby. Mr. Jones tended the chicken ranch which consisted of a  number of chicken houses. He raised white leghorns. He lived with his wife onsite in a home under the water tank. The water, used for the chickens and lodge, was pumped uphill from a well on Lake Washington Boulevard. Due to the Depression, the Lodge closed in 1934. 

Presently chickens can be found at Kelsey Creek Farm Park owned and managed by the City of Bellevue. Breeds of chickens are selected for their personalities, egg color, feather color and characteristics appropriate for public viewing. Wyandotte, Barred Rock, Ameraucana and Bantam are some of the breeds selected. The purpose of the farm is to educate people about animal husbandry. Chickens often feature in events and classes taught by farm staff. Some chickens are good egg-layers, others better for meat and some are dual-purpose. Historically they have connected with humans for a long time.

Sources:

Eastside Heritage Center archives

Carla Trsek, Kelsey Creek Farm Park staff

Culinary History of a Pacific Northwest Town by Suzanne Knauss.  2007

The Lake Washington Scenic Highway

BY margaret Laliberte, EASTSIDE HERITAGE CENTER VOLUNTEER

W.E. LeHuquet, owner and editor of Bellevue’s Reflector newspaper liked to call it the Lake Washington Scenic Highway. The Seattle Star newspaper preferred Lake Washington Boulevard.  Both were referring to the string of streets and highways eventually stitched together to form a continuous 52-mile route circling Lake Washington. In an opinion in 1919 urging readers to support the completion of a final four-mile segment between Bellevue and Newport, the Star exclaimed “Do you realize that this boulevard, when completed, will give to Seattle the most beautiful circuitous trip in the state and that it will be one of the principal scenic attractions of King county”?

L 84.028.1 - Ditty City 1928 illustrated map of Bellevue - John Ditty's vision of the future.

The final stretch was indeed completed, and on June 5, 1920 an autocade traveled from Seattle’s County-City Building around the north end of the lake to Bellevue’s Wildwood Park near Meydenbauer Bay for festivities showcasing speeches by officials of the Automobile Club of Western Washington as well as past and current county commissioners. The Bellevue District Development Club had decorated the town with flags and banners, and Eastside ladies’ committees served coffee, lemonade and sandwiches. The event was hosted by the Reflector.

During the 1920s and 30s, the Seattle Star sponsored an annual 52-mile walking contest around the lake. Contestants who decided that by the time they reached Bellevue they’d  had enough were offered transportation across the lake back to the City.  In 1928 the male winner of the race finished the entire course in 9 hours, 24 minutes.  His first-place cash prize of $250 would be worth about $4,000 today. The winning woman, a Monroe teacher, finished in 13 hours, 11 minutes. (The Seattle Times announcement did not mention whether she too received a prize.)

It is not likely that the all the roads constituting the entire route were ever known uniformly as  Lake Washington Boulevard.  In Seattle the Olmsted firm laid out the section running from Montlake to Seward Park along the lake shore; it is still Lake Washington Blvd.  On the Eastside in 1945 a long stretch of road called Lake Washington Boulevard ran north from Renton along the lake shore to Factoria.  It turned west along S.E. 32nd (which no longer exists there) and then angled diagonally across Mercer Slough to where the Winters House stands today.  It followed 104th Ave. NE to today’s Main Street, where it ran west along the lake to 84th Ave. NE.  At NE 28th it turned east to run along the south of Hunts Point and Yarrow Point on what is today called Points Drive to an intersection at Northup Way.  Continuing north towards Hougton it was called Lake Washington Blvd until it reached the Bellevue-Kirkland boundary.

From today’s perspective, one wonders why the route didn’t simply run due north along present Bellevue Way/104th Ave. N.E. Early developer James Ditty thought the same thing.  According to local history writer Lucile McDonald, when what later became Bellevue Way was just a “cow trail” called Peach Street in the late 1920s, Ditty bought 38 acres around today’s intersection of Bellevue Way and N.E. 8th St.  He granted King County an easement across his property, and in 1930 the newly paved road running north toward Kirkland was renamed Lincoln Avenue.

Remnant stretch of Lake Washington Boulevard

Ditty’s property became the new nucleus of Bellevue’s commercial district. But Lake Washington Boulevard continued to meander closer to the lake shore. An almost overgrown remnant of the old paved road can still be walked between Bellevue Way and N.E. 35th Place in Clyde Hill, just south of the sound wall of SR 520. In summer prolific brambles offer up ripe blackberries for the picking.

References

Reflector editions (is this kind of resource just called EHC archives?)

Seattle Times May 20, 1928

Seattle Star, July 26, 1919 (graphic of LWB route)

Lucile McDonald, Bellevue, Its First 100 Years

Kroll Eastside map book 1945

HistoryLink Essay #10244, “Lake Washington Boulevard”

Holly Farms in Bellevue

BY Barb williams, EASTSIDE HERITAGE CENTER VOLUNTEER

Who would think that Bellevue in the 1920s had the most extensive holly farm in the United States? But it did thanks to the patience and vision of Edward P. Tremper and Dr. C. A. Holmes. Patience because it takes 15 to 18 years before a crop becomes commercially productive. Tremper ran an insurance business and Dr. Holmes was a dentist. They were neighbors in Seattle. In 1900, Tremper bought 10 acres of land on Yarrow Point and moved there two summers later. He had the unprecedented idea of planting a holly orchard which he did in 1902. He ordered 1,000 young plants from France, planted them and waited for them to mature. His holly farm was the first on Puget Sound.

Ilex aquifolium

Dr. Holmes liked the idea and bought 10 acres at 111th Avenue SE on the east side of Enatai. After he died in 1933, Tremper acquired the land thus making the Tremper family holly plantation the biggest in Washington State, according to the 1929 issue of Nature Magazine. By 1930, the Tremper family planted five additional acres on the east side of 92nd using a variegated type of holly. The farm continued to expand and grow boasting 3,000 trees by the 1940s. At this time Tremper’s three sons were running the business. During the busy winter holiday months, they hired many packers and cutters, the majority of whom were Japanese farmers. The Trempers also bought holly from a farm on Mercer Island and shipped gift boxes all over the country.

As Tremper continued his experiment, he discovered that he only needed a few male(bull) trees and therefore planted mostly female trees. Both sexes were needed for pollination, but it was the females that produced the desirable red berries used for decorations, especially at Christmas time. However when many of the Japanese were forced to leave the area during World War II, it became difficult to find workers. Added to this, weather conditions produced overtime hours which resulted in additional wages. Property taxes increased and by 1946 the Trempers quit operating the Enatai property. They closed the original farm at Yarrow Point in 1956.

Ilex aquifolium

Holly trees can still be found in Bellevue. The evergreen plant continues to be a favorite for winter holiday designs and decorations. Although the berries are toxic to humans and most household pets, they are a winter food resource for birds such as robins. As a shrub-like tree, it can grow in height from foot-high dwarfs to fifty-foot tall trees. Due to its prickly evergreen leaves, it provides a safe, warm place for nesting birds in winter when deciduous trees lack leaves. In England, the holly is often used in hedgerows to contain farm animals or to separate one area from another. The prickly tough leaves provide a formidable barrier.

The holly is one of the most respected and loved trees in Celtic lore. A holly wreath was worn as a crown by Celtic chieftains for good luck. Traditionally, newborn babies were protected from harm by bathing them in water from the leaves. The tree represents peace and goodwill. Due to its resistance to lightening, it was planted near houses to protect people from lightening strikes. The Druids also believed in it’s protective powers. Their legends tell how the leaves, if brought into the house during the winter months, would provide shelter and warmth for fairies who would then be kind to those who lived in the home.

Resources:

Eastside Heritage Center archives

Lucile McDonald Journal American article 4/6/1977 “Holly sprouts left from pioneer farm”

Online:  Holly Tree Meaning,  The Symbolic Significance of Holly,  “Bellevue’s history is rooted in rich farmland” article by Sherry Grindeland

Sunset Western Garden Book,  1995.